Lesson 4, Topic 3
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Measuring Engine Output

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Two numbers are commonly used in advertising a vehicle’s output: torque and horsepower.

Torque

When force is in a twisting motion it is called torque. Tightening a bolt with a wrench is an example of torque. A special wrench, a torque wrench, is used to tighten bolts to an exact specification.

Torque = Force x Lever Length

Torque = Force x Lever Length

Crankshaft Torque

Torque is also used to describe the output rating of an engine, the crankshaft’s turning force.

Crankshaft Torque

Horsepower

A unit of power that is common in the automotive field is horsepower (hp). One horsepower is the work needed to lift 550 pounds a distance of 1 foot in 1 second.

One Horsepower

Revolutions Per Minute (RPM)

Torque and horsepower change as engine speed (revolutions per minute or rpm) changes, so these ratings are given at a specific rpm.

Horsepower Comparison
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